How large is the tomato seed market in 2025?

It is valued at USD 1.13 billion and is projected to grow at a 6.06% CAGR through 2030. Read More

Which breeding technology leads global sales?

Hybrid cultivars hold 72.8% share and post the fastest growth because of yield consistency and disease resistance. Read More

Why are protected cultivation seeds gaining popularity?

Greenhouse systems achieve up to 600 metric tons per hectare and enable year-round supply, so growers are shifting toward varieties bred for controlled environments. Read More

What is hindering gene-edited tomato adoption in Europe?

Lengthy regulatory approval timelines that can exceed eight years restrict the commercial rollout of CRISPR-based traits. Read More

Tomato Seed Market Size & Share Analysis - Industry Research Report

Name: Tomato Seed Market Size & Share Analysis - Industry Research Report - Growth Trends
Creator: Mordor Intelligence
License: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/privacy-policy

Tomato Seed Market Size and Share

Market Overview

Study Period	2017 - 2030
Market Size (2025)	USD 1.13 Billion
Market Size (2030)	USD 1.53 Billion
Growth Rate (2025 - 2030)	6.06% CAGR
Fastest Growing Market	North America
Largest Market	Asia-Pacific
Market Concentration	Medium
Major Players *Disclaimer: Major Players sorted in no particular order Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

Tomato Seed Market (2025 - 2030) — Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

Tomato Seed Market Analysis by Mordor Intelligence

The tomato seed market size stands at USD 1.13 billion in 2025 and is forecast to reach USD 1.53 billion by 2030, expanding at a 6.06% CAGR during the period. Demand for high-yield hybrid cultivars, rapid uptake of protected cultivation, and steady progress in gene-edited trait stacking are shaping the growth profile. Widespread adoption of hybrid seeds that resist multiple pathogens secures higher pack-out rates for both fresh and processed supply chains, while greenhouse expansion lets growers harvest year-round and target premium pricing. Asia-Pacific retains production leadership, North America posts the fastest growth, and market fragmentation allows niche breeders to commercialize climate-resilient lines. At the same time, informal seed reuse among smallholders and lengthy biotech approval cycles temper growth across certain developing regions.

Key Report Takeaways

By breeding technology, hybrids led with 72.8% of the tomato seed market share in 2024, and are projected to grow at a 6.12% CAGR through 2030.
By cultivation mechanism, open-field production held 91.9% of the tomato seed market size in 2024, while protected cultivation advanced at the fastest 8.53% CAGR through 2030.
By geography, Asia-Pacific captured 36.6% revenue share in 2024, and North America registered the highest regional CAGR of 7.66% to 2030.

Global Tomato Seed Market Trends and Insights

Drivers Impact Analysis

Driver	(~) % Impact on CAGR Forecast	Geographic Relevance	Impact Timeline
Rising demand for high-yield hybrid cultivars	+1.2%	Global, strongest in Asia-Pacific and South America	Medium term (2-4 years)
Expansion of protected cultivation acreage	+1.8%	North America and Europe core, spill-over to Asia-Pacific	Long term (≥ 4 years)
Increasing adoption of disease-resistant traits	+0.9%	Global, notably Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia	Short term (≤ 2 years)
Rapid growth of processed tomato industries	+1.1%	North America, Europe, and China	Medium term (2-4 years)
CRISPR-enabled trait stacking for taste and shelf-life	+0.7%	Developed markets first, then emerging economies	Long term (≥ 4 years)
Surge in seed-bank led climate-resilient genotype collaborations	+0.4%	Climate-vulnerable regions worldwide	Long term (≥ 4 years)
Source: Mordor Intelligence

Rising Demand for High-Yield Hybrid Cultivars

Processing hubs in California's Central Valley and Italy's Po Valley predominantly rely on hybrids because mechanical harvesters require uniform size and synchronized ripening windows. Hybrids provide substantial yield improvements over open-pollinated lines, supporting processor margins that face pressure from higher labor and energy costs. Contract farming models in emerging markets help manage the upfront seed expense, enabling smallholders to access the yield benefits. With additional heterosis gains achievable through CRISPR-guided selection, seed developers can reduce breeding cycles and accelerate hybrid releases.

Expansion of Protected Cultivation Acreage

Year-round greenhouse production yields multiple harvests compared to a single outdoor cycle and supports substantial capital investments. Dutch operations achieve significantly higher yields compared to open-field productivity while maintaining uniform quality for premium retail programs. Land-scarce economies, including Singapore, push vertical farms to maximize output in limited spaces. Climate volatility drives farmers in Spain, Mexico, and Japan to controlled environments to mitigate extreme heat or rainfall swings, expanding demand for greenhouse-specific seed genetics.

Increasing Adoption of Disease-Resistant Traits

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus creates significant economic losses globally, driving breeders to stack resistance genes through marker-assisted selection to protect yield. Current varieties combine resistance to TYLCV, Fusarium wilt, and late blight, reducing fungicide costs substantially. Climate change is widening pathogen ranges into new latitudes, so investors back R&D programs that can pre-empt future outbreaks. Trait stacking also helps growers comply with residue limits demanded by export buyers and retailers.

Surge in Seed-Bank Led Climate-Resilient Genotype Collaborations

The CGIAR network maintains a diverse collection of tomato genetic resources and provides advanced breeding material for developing stress-resistant varieties.^{[1]Source: CGIAR Breeding Program, “Climate-Resilient Tomato Varieties,” CGIAR, ccafs.cgiar.org} Joint public-private projects develop heat-tolerant varieties that maintain fruit production during high temperatures while significantly reducing water consumption without compromising yield potential. Small and midsize breeders leverage this genetic diversity to create localized solutions, expanding the technology options beyond the major multinational companies.

Restraints Impact Analysis

Restraint	(~) % Impact on CAGR Forecast	Geographic Relevance	Impact Timeline
Growing prevalence of saved-seed practices among smallholders	-0.8%	Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and rural South America	Short term (≤ 2 years)
Stringent biotech variety approval timelines	-0.6%	Global, strongest in Europe and emerging markets	Long term (≥ 4 years)
Consolidation-driven royalty inflation in seed pricing	-0.4%	Global, impacts smallholder affordability	Medium term (2-4 years)
Rising consumer pushback against patent-protected traits in heirloom markets	-0.3%	North America and Europe specialty segments	Medium term (2-4 years)
Source: Mordor Intelligence

Growing Prevalence of Saved-Seed Practices Among Smallholders

Many tomato farmers in East Africa save second-generation seed, despite experiencing reduced yields in subsequent cycles. Financial constraints during the planting season and limited access to credit drive this practice. While lower-cost hybrid options and flexible payment plans provide alternatives, they struggle to compete with free on-farm seed. Consequently, hybrid adoption and potential yield improvements remain underutilized in several developing regions.

Stringent Biotech Variety Approval Timelines

Securing European Food Safety Authority clearance for a gene-edited tomato can take eight years, requiring extensive environmental and toxicology data.^{[2]Source: European Food Safety Authority Panel, “Guidelines for GMO Risk Assessment,” EFSA, efsa.europa.eu} Smaller breeders lack the regulatory budget, so innovation clusters around large firms. Delays slow farmers’ access to traits that combat climate stress or emerging diseases, and extra compliance costs feed through to higher seed prices. The regulatory complexity also increases development costs by 30-50%, which seed companies pass through to growers via higher seed prices, potentially limiting adoption in price-sensitive markets.

Segment Analysis

By Breeding Technology: Hybrid Dominance and Open-Pollinated Resilience

Hybrid varieties accounted for 72.8% of the tomato seed market share in 2024 and are on track for a 6.12% CAGR through 2030, underscoring the value growers place on disease resistance and uniformity. Commercial processors prefer hybrids because synchronized maturation reduces field passes and sorting costs. The tomato seed market for hybrid lines continues to expand significantly during the forecast period as protected cultivation systems specify bespoke greenhouse genetics. Open-pollinated cultivars remain popular in subsistence farming and in heirloom retail niches where seed saving and flavor authenticity drive purchasing decisions. The tomato seed market benefits from CRISPR selection, which substantially compresses breeding cycles and helps firms introduce stacked traits that would otherwise require multiple back-crossing generations.

Open-pollinated varieties hold critical roles in biodiversity conservation and organic farming. Seed libraries and farmer cooperatives distribute these lines across Sub-Saharan Africa and South America, generating informal trade channels that bypass formal retail yet support local adaptation. Some hybrid derivatives bridge the gap by offering partial heterosis at a lower seed cost, aiding adoption in medium-input systems. Though their aggregate volume is smaller, open-pollinated sales add resilience to the tomato seed market because they diversify revenue across consumer segments. Over the outlook period, hybrid price premiums will persist given ongoing R&D spend, but open-pollinated demand will survive in geographies where cash constraints and traditional preferences prevail.

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By Cultivation Mechanism: Open Field Volume and Greenhouse Value

Open-field production represented 91.9% of the tomato seed market size in 2024, reflecting widespread outdoor agriculture where input costs are lower and capital outlays are minimal. Tomato yields vary significantly under good management practices, with seed demand closely tied to seasonal replanting patterns. The tomato seed market continues to rely on these plantings for bulk volume, especially in countries with ample land and favorable climates. Nevertheless, protected cultivation seed demand is growing at a faster rate because growers can achieve substantially higher yields in advanced glasshouses, supporting retail contracts that pay premiums for flavor and visual quality.

Protected systems consume specialized seed that expresses compact internodes, continuous flowering, and resistance to humidity-driven diseases. This sub-segment is growing at 8.53% CAGR, the highest in the tomato seed market, as investors finance greenhouses in Mexico, the Gulf states, and Southeast Asia. Open-field varieties, by contrast, must tolerate fluctuating weather and are bred for longer shelf life to withstand field heat and transport to distant markets. The dual pathway lets seed firms tailor portfolios: one line optimized for precision-controlled environments and another for rugged outdoor conditions. Over time, protected cultivation could account for 20% of global revenue, even if it still represents a minority of physical hectares.

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Geography Analysis

Asia-Pacific maintained 36.6% of global revenue in 2024, anchored by China’s 59.6 million metric tons output that spans both fresh and processing channels.^{[3]Source: World Processing Tomato Council Secretariat, “Global Processing Tomato Production Statistics 2024,” World Processing Tomato Council, wptc.to} Provincial governments subsidize seed purchases for heat-tolerant hybrids, and protected-cultivation projects in India add double-digit hectares each year. Greenhouse adoption in states such as Karnataka and Maharashtra climbed 15% in 2024 alone, boosting demand for climate-adaptive genetics. Meanwhile, Indonesia and Vietnam are scaling vertical systems for urban retail supply, which depend on continuous-fruiting hybrids.

North America grew at a 7.66% CAGR and is forecast to remain the fastest region through 2030. California’s Central Valley continues to lead processing volumes, and growers there moved quickly into hybrids with elevated soluble solids to streamline factory throughput. Canada and Mexico expand high-tech greenhouses that supply winter markets across the United States, sustaining demand for indeterminate greenhouse lines tolerant of artificial light. Research institutions and venture-funded start-ups in North America also accelerate CRISPR trait deployment, reinforcing regional innovation leadership.

Europe delivers steady growth despite strict biotech regulations. The Netherlands and Spain roll out energy-efficient glasshouses, combining cogeneration systems with deep water culture to maintain a year-round supply. Italy’s Po Valley remains central to processing output and favors hybrids with uniform maturation. Southern Europe confronts hotter summers and erratic rainfall, so drought-tolerant varieties gain traction. Parallel consumer preference for pesticide reduction under the Farm to Fork strategy drives uptake of disease-resistant seeds bred through marker-assisted back-crossing methods approved by European regulators.

Tomato Seed Market CAGR (%), Growth Rate by Region — Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

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Competitive Landscape

The five largest players, Bayer AG, Syngenta Group, BASF SE, Groupe Limagrain, and Rijk Zwaan BV, held a combined significant share of global revenue in 2024, leaving almost half of sales to midsize and local breeders. Each leader operates a worldwide distribution network and maintains multi-crop R&D centers that leverage digital phenotyping and genomic selection to cut breeding cycles. Syngenta Group’s USD 50 million climate-adaptive initiative and Bayer AG’s GABA-rich variety approvals illustrate the capital scale that leading firms can deploy. BASF SE’s partnership with Wageningen University targets drought-tolerant traits, underscoring academic collaboration.

Niche breeders exploit openings in regional or specialty segments. East-West Seed upgraded tropical research in Thailand to refine heat-resilient genetics for Southeast Asia, and Takii and Company Ltd. focuses on lycopene-rich processing cultivars for Japanese processors. Digital breeding platforms from Sakata compress selection timelines by integrating genomic markers with high-throughput greenhouse trials. These investments level the playing field for smaller companies that cannot match the multinationals’ marketing budgets but can still launch differentiated products for defined agronomic challenges.

Market strategies emphasize vertical integration and licensing deals. Some processors sign exclusive seed supply contracts to lock in varietal performance, ensuring factory optimization and brand consistency. Protected-cultivation seed suppliers jointly develop crop protocols with greenhouse builders, bundling seed, substrate, and climate-control guidance into turnkey solutions. Such alliances enhance customer retention and raise switching costs.

Tomato Seed Industry Leaders

Bayer AG
Syngenta Group
BASF SE
Groupe Limagrain
Rijk Zwaan BV
*Disclaimer: Major Players sorted in no particular order

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Recent Industry Developments

September 2025: NRGene developed and commercialized tomato varieties resistant to Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV), providing growers with a solution to protect their crops from this virus.
July 2025: DENSO acquired Axia Vegetable Seeds, a Netherlands-based company specializing in greenhouse tomato seeds, to expand its agricultural technology portfolio. The acquisition enables DENSO to enhance sustainable tomato cultivation through artificial intelligence, robotics, and environmental control systems.
May 2025: Sakata Seed Corporation opened a new research station in Antalya, Türkiye, dedicated to tomato and pepper breeding. The facility focuses on developing high-performing varieties for different global markets.

Table of Contents for Tomato Seed Industry Report

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Study Assumptions and Market Definition
1.2 Scope of the Study
1.3 Research Methodology

2. REPORT OFFERS

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND KEY FINDINGS

4. KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS

4.1 Area Under Cultivation
4.2 Most Popular Traits
4.3 Breeding Techniques
4.4 Regulatory Framework
4.5 Value Chain and Distribution Channel Analysis
4.6 Market Drivers
- 4.6.1 Rising demand for high-yield hybrid cultivars
- 4.6.2 Expansion of protected cultivation acreage
- 4.6.3 Increasing adoption of disease-resistant traits
- 4.6.4 Rapid growth of processed tomato industries
- 4.6.5 CRISPR-enabled trait stacking for taste and shelf-life
- 4.6.6 Surge in seed-bank led climate-resilient genotype collaborations
4.7 Market Restraints
- 4.7.1 Growing prevalence of saved-seed practices among smallholders
- 4.7.2 Stringent biotech variety approval timelines
- 4.7.3 Consolidation-driven royalty inflation in seed pricing
- 4.7.4 Rising consumer pushback against patent-protected traits in heirloom markets

5. MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FORECASTS (VALUE AND VOLUME)

5.1 Breeding Technology
- 5.1.1 Hybrids
- 5.1.2 Open Pollinated Varieties and Hybrid Derivatives
5.2 Cultivation Mechanism
- 5.2.1 Open Field
- 5.2.2 Protected Cultivation
5.3 Geography
- 5.3.1 Africa
- 5.3.1.1 By Breeding Technology
- 5.3.1.2 By Cultivation Mechanism
- 5.3.1.3 By Country
- 5.3.1.3.1 Egypt
- 5.3.1.3.2 Ethiopia
- 5.3.1.3.3 Ghana
- 5.3.1.3.4 Kenya
- 5.3.1.3.5 Nigeria
- 5.3.1.3.6 South Africa
- 5.3.1.3.7 Tanzania
- 5.3.1.3.8 Rest of Africa
- 5.3.2 Asia-Pacific
- 5.3.2.1 By Breeding Technology
- 5.3.2.2 By Cultivation Mechanism
- 5.3.2.3 By Country
- 5.3.2.3.1 Australia
- 5.3.2.3.2 Bangladesh
- 5.3.2.3.3 China
- 5.3.2.3.4 India
- 5.3.2.3.5 Indonesia
- 5.3.2.3.6 Japan
- 5.3.2.3.7 Myanmar
- 5.3.2.3.8 Pakistan
- 5.3.2.3.9 Philippines
- 5.3.2.3.10 Thailand
- 5.3.2.3.11 Vietnam
- 5.3.2.3.12 Rest of Asia-Pacific
- 5.3.3 Europe
- 5.3.3.1 By Breeding Technology
- 5.3.3.2 By Cultivation Mechanism
- 5.3.3.3 By Country
- 5.3.3.3.1 France
- 5.3.3.3.2 Germany
- 5.3.3.3.3 Italy
- 5.3.3.3.4 Netherlands
- 5.3.3.3.5 Poland
- 5.3.3.3.6 Romania
- 5.3.3.3.7 Russia
- 5.3.3.3.8 Spain
- 5.3.3.3.9 Turkey
- 5.3.3.3.10 Ukraine
- 5.3.3.3.11 United Kingdom
- 5.3.3.3.12 Rest of Europe
- 5.3.4 Middle East
- 5.3.4.1 By Breeding Technology
- 5.3.4.2 By Cultivation Mechanism
- 5.3.4.3 By Country
- 5.3.4.3.1 Iran
- 5.3.4.3.2 Saudi Arabia
- 5.3.4.3.3 Rest of Middle East
- 5.3.5 North America
- 5.3.5.1 By Breeding Technology
- 5.3.5.2 By Cultivation Mechanism
- 5.3.5.3 By Country
- 5.3.5.3.1 Canada
- 5.3.5.3.2 Mexico
- 5.3.5.3.3 United States
- 5.3.5.3.4 Rest of North America
- 5.3.6 South America
- 5.3.6.1 By Breeding Technology
- 5.3.6.2 By Cultivation Mechanism
- 5.3.6.3 By Country
- 5.3.6.3.1 Argentina
- 5.3.6.3.2 Brazil
- 5.3.6.3.3 Rest of South America

6. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

6.1 Key Strategic Moves
6.2 Market Share Analysis
6.3 Company Landscape
6.4 Company Profiles (Includes Global Level Overview, Market Level Overview, Core Segments, Financials as Available, Strategic Information, Market Rank/Share for Key Companies, Products and Services, and Recent Developments)
- 6.4.1 Bayer AG
- 6.4.2 Syngenta Group
- 6.4.3 BASF SE
- 6.4.4 Groupe Limagrain
- 6.4.5 Rijk Zwaan BV
- 6.4.6 Advanta Seeds (UPL Ltd.)
- 6.4.7 Sakata Seed Corporation
- 6.4.8 East-West Seed
- 6.4.9 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V.
- 6.4.10 Takii and Company Ltd.
- 6.4.11 Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture
- 6.4.12 Bejo Zaden BV
- 6.4.13 VNR Seeds Pvt. Ltd.
- 6.4.14 NongWoo Bio Co. Ltd.
- 6.4.15 Mahyco

7. KEY STRATEGIC QUESTIONS FOR SEEDS CEOS

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Global Tomato Seed Market Report Scope

Hybrids, Open Pollinated Varieties & Hybrid Derivatives are covered as segments by Breeding Technology. Open Field, Protected Cultivation are covered as segments by Cultivation Mechanism. Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America are covered as segments by Region.

Breeding Technology

Hybrids

Open Pollinated Varieties and Hybrid Derivatives

Cultivation Mechanism

Open Field

Protected Cultivation

Geography

Africa	By Breeding Technology
	By Cultivation Mechanism

	By Country	Egypt
		Ethiopia
		Ghana
		Kenya
		Nigeria
		South Africa
		Tanzania
		Rest of Africa
Asia-Pacific	By Breeding Technology
	By Cultivation Mechanism
		Australia
		Bangladesh
		China
		India
		Indonesia
		Japan
		Myanmar
		Pakistan
		Philippines
		Thailand
		Vietnam
		Rest of Asia-Pacific
Europe	By Breeding Technology
	By Cultivation Mechanism
		France
		Germany
		Italy
		Netherlands
		Poland
		Romania
		Russia
		Spain
		Turkey
		Ukraine
		United Kingdom
		Rest of Europe
Middle East	By Breeding Technology
	By Cultivation Mechanism
		Iran
		Saudi Arabia
		Rest of Middle East
North America	By Breeding Technology
	By Cultivation Mechanism
		Canada
		Mexico
		United States
		Rest of North America
South America	By Breeding Technology
	By Cultivation Mechanism
		Argentina
		Brazil
		Rest of South America

Breeding Technology	Hybrids
	Open Pollinated Varieties and Hybrid Derivatives
Cultivation Mechanism	Open Field
	Protected Cultivation

Geography	Africa	By Breeding Technology
		By Cultivation Mechanism

		By Country	Egypt
			Ethiopia
			Ghana
			Kenya
			Nigeria
			South Africa
			Tanzania
			Rest of Africa

	Asia-Pacific	By Breeding Technology
		By Cultivation Mechanism
			Australia
			Bangladesh
			China
			India
			Indonesia
			Japan
			Myanmar
			Pakistan
			Philippines
			Thailand
			Vietnam
			Rest of Asia-Pacific

	Europe	By Breeding Technology
		By Cultivation Mechanism
			France
			Germany
			Italy
			Netherlands
			Poland
			Romania
			Russia
			Spain
			Turkey
			Ukraine
			United Kingdom
			Rest of Europe

	Middle East	By Breeding Technology
		By Cultivation Mechanism
			Iran
			Saudi Arabia
			Rest of Middle East

	North America	By Breeding Technology
		By Cultivation Mechanism
			Canada
			Mexico
			United States
			Rest of North America

	South America	By Breeding Technology
		By Cultivation Mechanism
			Argentina
			Brazil
			Rest of South America

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Market Definition

Commercial Seed - For the purpose of this study, only commercial seeds have been included as part of the scope. Farm-saved Seeds, which are not commercially labeled are excluded from scope, even though a minor percentage of farm-saved seeds are exchanged commercially among farmers. The scope also excludes vegetatively reproduced crops and plant parts, which may be commercially sold in the market.
Crop Acreage - While calculating the acreage under different crops, the Gross Cropped Area has been considered. Also known as Area Harvested, according to the Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO), this includes the total area cultivated under a particular crop across seasons.
Seed Replacement Rate - Seed Replacement Rate is the percentage of area sown out of the total area of crop planted in the season by using certified/quality seeds other than the farm-saved seed.
Protected Cultivation - The report defines protected cultivation as the process of growing crops in a controlled environment. This includes greenhouses, glasshouses, hydroponics, aeroponics, or any other cultivation system that protects the crop against any abiotic stress. However, cultivation in an open field using plastic mulch is excluded from this definition and is included under open field.

Keyword	Definition
Row Crops	These are usually the field crops which include the different crop categories like grains & cereals, oilseeds, fiber crops like cotton, pulses, and forage crops.
Solanaceae	These are the family of flowering plants which includes tomato, chili, eggplants, and other crops.
Cucurbits	It represents a gourd family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera. The major crops considered for this study include Cucumber & Gherkin, Pumpkin and squash, and other crops.
Brassicas	It is a genus of plants in the cabbage and mustard family. It includes crops such as carrots, cabbage, cauliflower & broccoli.
Roots & Bulbs	The roots and bulbs segment includes onion, garlic, potato, and other crops.
Unclassified Vegetables	This segment in the report includes the crops which don’t belong to any of the above-mentioned categories. These include crops such as okra, asparagus, lettuce, peas, spinach, and others.
Hybrid Seed	It is the first generation of the seed produced by controlling cross-pollination and by combining two or more varieties, or species.
Transgenic Seed	It is a seed that is genetically modified to contain certain desirable input and/or output traits.
Non-Transgenic Seed	The seed produced through cross-pollination without any genetic modification.
Open-Pollinated Varieties & Hybrid Derivatives	Open-pollinated varieties produce seeds true to type as they cross-pollinate only with other plants of the same variety.
Other Solanaceae	The crops considered under other Solanaceae include bell peppers and other different peppers based on the locality of the respective countries.
Other Brassicaceae	The crops considered under other brassicas include radishes, turnips, Brussels sprouts, and kale.
Other Roots & Bulbs	The crops considered under other roots & bulbs include Sweet Potatoes and cassava.
Other Cucurbits	The crops considered under other cucurbits include gourds (bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge gourd, Snake gourd, and others).
Other Grains & Cereals	The crops considered under other grains & cereals include Barley, Buck Wheat, Canary Seed, Triticale, Oats, Millets, and Rye.
Other Fibre Crops	The crops considered under other fibers include Hemp, Jute, Agave fibers, Flax, Kenaf, Ramie, Abaca, Sisal, and Kapok.
Other Oilseeds	The crops considered under other oilseeds include Ground nut, Hempseed, Mustard seed, Castor seeds, safflower seeds, Sesame seeds, and Linseeds.
Other Forage Crops	The crops considered under other forages include Napier grass, Oat grass, White clover, Ryegrass, and Timothy. Other forage crops were considered based on the locality of the respective countries.
Pulses	Pigeon peas, Lentils, Broad and horse beans, Vetches, Chickpeas, Cowpeas, Lupins, and Bambara beans are the crops considered under pulses.
Other Unclassified Vegetables	The crops considered under other unclassified vegetables include Artichokes, Cassava Leaves, Leeks, Chicory, and String beans.

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Research Methodology

Mordor Intelligence follows a four-step methodology in all our reports.

Step-1: IDENTIFY KEY VARIABLES: In order to build a robust forecasting methodology, the variables and factors identified in Step-1 are tested against available historical market numbers. Through an iterative process, the variables required for market forecast are set and the model is built on the basis of these variables.
Step-2: Build a Market Model: Market-size estimations for the forecast years are in nominal terms. Inflation is not a part of the pricing, and the average selling price (ASP) is kept constant throughout the forecast period.
Step-3: Validate and Finalize: In this important step, all market numbers, variables and analyst calls are validated through an extensive network of primary research experts from the market studied. The respondents are selected across levels and functions to generate a holistic picture of the market studied.
Step-4: Research Outputs: Syndicated Reports, Custom Consulting Assignments, Databases, and Subscription Platforms