Romania Freight And Logistics Market Size and Share
Market Overview
| Study Period | 2017 - 2030 |
|---|---|
| Base Year For Estimation | 2024 |
| Forecast Data Period | 2025 - 2030 |
| Market Size (2025) | USD 21.11 Billion |
| Market Size (2030) | USD 24.27 Billion |
| Growth Rate (2025 - 2030) | 2.83% CAGR |
| Market Concentration | Low |
Major Players
*Disclaimer: Major Players sorted in no particular order Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0. |
|
Romania Freight And Logistics Market Analysis by Mordor Intelligence
The Romania freight and logistics market size is estimated at USD 21.11 billion in 2025, and is expected to reach USD 24.27 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 2.83% during the forecast period (2025-2030). This steady trajectory reflects Romania’s role as a bridge between Western Europe and fast-growing Black Sea economies, the acceleration of near-shoring strategies, and the flow of EU funding into rail, road, and port corridors. Heightened automotive and electronics output, rising e-commerce parcel density, and fresh energy-pipeline projects are prompting logistics firms to expand multimodal offerings, adopt automation, and pursue scale through mergers. Investors target Class-A warehousing near Bucharest and Timisoara, while cross-dock networks support same-day delivery in dense urban zones. At the same time, regulatory incentives for greener freight favor intermodal rails linking Craiova, Constanța, and Istanbul, creating new revenue streams for asset-light forwarders able to orchestrate rail-road-sea combinations.
Key Report Takeaways
- By logistics function, freight transport commanded 51.56% of the Romania freight and logistics market share in 2024; courier, express, and parcel (CEP) is projected to expand at a 3.26% CAGR between 2025-2030.
- By freight transport mode, road freight held 83.41% of the revenue share in 2024, while pipelines are set to advance at a 3.71% CAGR between 2025-2030.
- By freight forwarding, air freight forwarding captured a 32.70% revenue share in 2024; sea and inland waterways freight forwarding are slated for the fastest growth at a 3.01% CAGR between 2025-2030.
- By end user industry, manufacturing led with 31.67% of the Romania freight and logistics market size in 2024; wholesale and retail trade shows the highest forecast CAGR at 3.03% between 2025-2030.
- By CEP, domestic courier, express, and parcel (CEP) services accounted for 65.87% of parcel volumes in 2024; international CEP is expected to post a 3.39% CAGR between 2025-2030.
- By warehousing and storage, non-temperature controlled warehousing held 92.32% share in 2024, whereas temperature controlled warehousing is anticipated to grow at a 2.72% CAGR between 2025-2030.
Romania Freight And Logistics Market Trends and Insights
Drivers Impact Analysis
| Driver | (~) % Impact on CAGR Forecast | Geographic Relevance | Impact Timeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accelerated near-shoring of Western European supply chains | +0.8% | National, with concentration in Bucharest-Ilfov, Cluj, Timis | Medium term (2-4 years) |
| Surge in Romanian e-commerce parcel volumes | +0.7% | National, with early gains in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara | Short term (≤ 2 years) |
| EU-funded transport-infrastructure upgrades (Connecting Europe Facility) | +0.5% | National, focused on TEN-T corridors | Long term (≥ 4 years) |
| OEM manufacturing footprint expansion in automotive and electronics | +0.6% | Regional, concentrated in Arges, Brasov, Timis counties | Medium term (2-4 years) |
| Constanța port’s pivot to black-sea grain corridor | +0.3% | Regional, Constanta-Danube corridor impact | Medium term (2-4 years) |
| Growth of cross-dock micro-hubs for same-day Bucharest delivery | +0.4% | Local, Bucharest metropolitan area | Short term (≤ 2 years) |
| Source: Mordor Intelligence | |||
Accelerated Near-shoring of Western European Supply Chains
Western European manufacturers continue to relocate production lines to Romania, where unit labor costs sit almost 25% below the bloc average while EU regulatory alignment remains intact[1]European Commission, “Romania and Bulgaria Join Schengen Area,” ec.europa.eu. Germany alone represented 19.8% of Romanian exports in 2024, reflecting the deep integration of automotive and electronics supply chains. New projects—such as Rheinmetall’s EUR 535 million (USD 590.4 million) propellant facility in Brașov and Continental’s electronics ramp-ups—expand contract volumes for just-in-time deliveries, quality-controlled warehousing, and cross-border trucking. Forwarders with pan-European rail networks capture value by pairing Romanian assembly plants with German distribution centers via Craiova-Istanbul intermodal rails that lower emissions 63% versus road-only routes. Near-shoring, therefore, reinforces steady freight demand and favors providers that blend customs brokerage, sub-assembly kitting, and vendor-managed inventory services.
Surge in Romanian E-commerce Parcel Volumes
Domestic online spending reached EUR 11.5 billion (USD 12.7 billion) in 2024 and is translating into double-digit parcel-volume gains that strain last-mile capacity. Networks of out-of-home lockers and automated stores—such as Auchan Go’s cashier-less format in Bucharest—drive density while cutting dwell time. Market leader Sameday forecasts 8,500 pick-up points across Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria by year-end 2025, a 70% jump in one year. Competition remains intense as Trendyol expands cross-border offers and Cargus unlocks same-day service to Greece and Bulgaria. The opportunity rewards couriers that invest in sorter robotics, AI-based routing, and eco vans able to meet tightening urban-emission caps.
EU-Funded Transport-Infrastructure Upgrades
The European Investment Bank committed EUR 2.5 billion (USD 2.8 billion) to modernize Romanian railways under the Connecting Europe Facility, targeting Bucharest-Constanța and cross-border Hungarian links[2]European Investment Bank, “EIB Provides EUR 2.5 Billion to Support Railway Modernisation in Romania,” eib.org. Upgrades aim to lift average freight speeds from 16 km/h to more competitive levels and open reliable transit windows through the Friendship Bridge across the Danube. Modal-shift incentives coupled with road-toll escalation encourage shippers to reroute heavier loads to rail, granting first-mover advantage to forwarders with existing multimodal assets. Improved clearance times at Schengen-open borders further enhance asset utilization for high-frequency intermodal services.
OEM Manufacturing Footprint Expansion
Ford Otosan’s Craiova plant produced 250,670 vehicles in 2024 and now runs four weekly block-trains to Istanbul carrying 12,000 units annually[3]Romania Insider, “Ford Otosan Launches Intermodal Logistic Route in Romania,” romania-insider.com. Electronics players such as Benchmark and Continental increase output of sensors and ADAS systems, boosting air and road demand for high-value, time-critical shipments. Growth pushes warehouse operators to provide VDA-compliant storage, battery-handling rooms, and reverse-logistics loops for remanufactured modules. Providers with ISO 9001 quality labs and bonded-zone licenses secure multi-year contracts from tier-one suppliers rolling out electric-vehicle platforms.
Restraints Impact Analysis
| Restraint | (~) % Impact on CAGR Forecast | Geographic Relevance | Impact Timeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Driver shortage and rising labor costs | -0.6% | National, acute in cross-border routes | Short term (≤ 2 years) |
| Fragmented domestic road-haulage market pressure on margins | -0.4% | National, particularly affecting SME operators | Medium term (2-4 years) |
| Danube water-level volatility disrupting inland shipping | -0.2% | Regional, Danube corridor and port access | Long term (≥ 4 years) |
| Limited availability of class-A cold-storage facilities | -0.3% | National, concentrated in major urban centers | Medium term (2-4 years) |
| Source: Mordor Intelligence | |||
Driver Shortage and Rising Labor Costs
Europe could face 745,000 unfilled truck-driver seats by 2028, and Romania is already feeling the pinch as seasoned drivers migrate west for higher pay[4]International Road Transport Union, “Global Truck Driver Shortage to Double by 2028,” iru.org. Wage inflation erodes the cost advantage that drew foreign OEMs, prompting carriers to automate back-office tasks and optimize driver hours with AI scheduling. Raben Group’s adoption of 200 software robots now saves EUR 6 million (USD 6.6 million) annually, equal to the output of 302 roles, illustrating how process automation cushions the labour gap. Asset-heavy SMEs lacking capital for technology upgrades are forced to merge or exit, accelerating the sector’s consolidation path.
Fragmented Domestic Road-Haulage Market Pressure on Margins
Thousands of family-owned fleets continue to compete on price, which squeezes margins and restricts fleet renewal. Although Romania’s entry into the Schengen area in March 2024 slashed border dwell time, congestion persists at peak crossings like Nadlac II, triggering unpredictable lead times. Uneven telematics adoption limits shipment visibility and deters shippers from paying premiums for differentiated service. Larger 3PLs capitalize by rolling up smaller firms, gaining network density and bargaining heft with diesel suppliers. Over time, economies of scale should improve fleet utilization and enable investment in Euro VI and electric trucks that meet EU Green Deal targets.
Segment Analysis
By End User Industry: Manufacturing Anchors Growth Amid Retail Surge
Manufacturing held 31.67% of 2024 revenue as Ford, Renault-Nissan, and parts suppliers shipped engines, seats, and EV batteries across Europe. These loads travel under stringent just-in-sequence windows, driving demand for temperature-controlled cabins and bonded warehouses close to plant gates. The Romania freight and logistics market size tied to manufacturing is projected to climb steadily because OEMs localize battery packs to meet EU rules of origin. Wholesale and retail trade, though smaller, is pacing at a 3.03% CAGR (2025-2030), adding fulfillment center contracts near Bucharest and Cluj for omnichannel grocers and apparel chains.
Food retailers embrace cross-dock micro-hubs to guarantee two-hour slot deliveries, while electronics discounters require secure, high-value cages inside regional hubs. Reverse logistics becomes a differentiator as warranty returns rise under the EU “right to repair” law. Logistics firms offering in-house repair, triage, and rapid redeployment of refurbished items secure higher margins. The blurring of industry lines—auto suppliers launching e-shops and grocers moving into home appliances—intensifies the need for flexible warehousing layouts and IT systems.
Note: Segment shares of all individual segments available upon report purchase
By Logistics Function: CEP Drives Digital Commerce Evolution
Freight Transport contributed 51.56% of the Romania freight and logistics market in 2024 as bulk and palletized loads moved along the A1 and A2 corridors. Yet the CEP segment is expanding faster at a 3.26% CAGR (2025-2030), fueled by soaring parcel counts from local e-tailers and cross-border sellers. Domestic delivery commanded 65.87% of revenue in 2024, while international parcels rose on Trendyol and Allegro inflows. Consolidation reshapes the field, with Sameday’s purchase of Cargus positioning the merged entity to challenge Fan Courier in both same-day and out-of-home niches. Automation agendas run in parallel: Dexory’s mobile robots now scan pallet towers in Bucharest hubs, cutting inventory checks to 2 hours and curbing lost-item claims.
Demand patterns push providers toward integrated ecosystems. Freight forwarders partner with CEP carriers to funnel e-commerce returns into domestic depots before bulk-shipping them to European refurbishers, enabling network asset balancing. Over the period, the Romania freight and logistics market will reward function-agnostic companies able to offer freight transport, warehousing, and parcel solutions under one customer interface, supported by predictive routing and unified billing.
By CEP Destination Type: Domestic Strength Enables International Expansion
Domestic parcels dominated with 65.87% revenue share in 2024, yet international deliveries are on a faster climb at a CAGR of 3.39% between 2025-2030, as Schengen integration removes customs stops for EU shipments. The Romania freight and logistics market size for international CEP could approach EUR 750 million (USD 828 million) by 2030, helped by Sameday’s 60% expansion of Hungarian locker capacity after its Sprinter takeover. Carriers now launch flat-rate Balkan lanes that deliver within 48 hours using cross-dock nodes in Arad and Ruse.
Domestically, the locker network surpasses 13,800 points, enabling shoppers to collect after-hours without failed-delivery fees. Automation helps firms handle spikes such as Singles’ Day, when volumes jump 35% week over week. Advanced address-validation APIs curb misroutes, lifting first-attempt delivery above 96%. In the next five years, couriers that synchronize domestic and cross-border flows through shared micro-hubs will pull ahead on cost, service speed, and carbon transparency.
By Warehousing and Storage: Cold Chain Investment Addresses Capacity Gaps
Non-temperature-controlled facilities own 92.32% of the revenue share in 2024, servicing apparel, electronics, and bulky home goods. Yet the temperature controlled segment is set to advance at a 2.72% CAGR (2025-2030) as pharma, dairy, and frozen-food volumes outgrow legacy space. NewCold’s entry introduces high-bay automated stores reaching –35°C, while Olympus invests EUR 40 million (USD 44 million) in a Brasov chilled hub integrating distribution and co-packing lines. Developers bundle solar rooftops and lithium storage to tame energy bills and meet ESG audits.
Real-time monitoring platforms track humidity, CO₂, and energy draw, enabling preventive maintenance that avoids product spoilage. These advances anchor premium rents and longer lease terms, reducing vacancy risk. Over the forecast window, the Romania freight and logistics industry expects at least 120,000 m² of extra temperature-controlled stock, enough to lift the cold-chain slice above 10% of warehouse revenue. Providers that marry freezer automation with last-mile refrigerated vans will capture value from growing online grocery baskets.
By Freight Transport Mode: Road Dominance Faces Modal Shift Pressure
Road freight retained 83.41% market share in 2024, underpinned by 90,000 heavy-duty vehicles registered nationwide, yet tightening emission ceilings and fuel volatility challenge its hegemony. Pipeline flows of natural gas, now the fastest-growing mode at 3.71% CAGR (2025-2030), will rise once the Neptun Deep field doubles national output to 18-20 billion m³ by 2027, injecting steady volumes into new EUR 9 billion (USD 9.9 billion) transmission lines. Rail alternatives gain regulatory tailwinds through the EIB-funded revamp of the Bucharest-Constanța artery, raising payload capacity and cutting transit time for containers heading to inland hubs.
Inland waterway traffic suffers swings from Danube droughts, reducing barge drafts during summer months, while Black Sea sea-freight volumes climb thanks to Constanța’s grain-handling expansions that offset Ukraine’s constrained ports. Airfreight remains a specialist play serving semiconductors and pharma; however, constrained belly capacity out of Otopeni drives rates above pre-pandemic norms. Sustainable transport mandates will likely nudge high-density lanes onto rail and pipeline, trimming road share to under 78% by 2030 within the Romania freight and logistics market.
Note: Segment shares of all individual segments available upon report purchase
By Freight Forwarding Mode: Air Leadership Yields to Maritime Growth
Air freight forwarding held 32.70% revenue in 2024 as high-tech, medical, and automotive spare parts demanded 24-hour lead times. Yet maritime lanes via Constanța are expanding at a 3.01% CAGR (2025-2030) on containerized agrifood exports and project cargo linked to renewable-energy farms. The Romania freight and logistics market share attributable to sea and inland waterways is poised to rise as port operators expand rail sidings to handle 800-meter trains and install cold chain plugs.
Road forwarding remains essential for door-to-door coverage across the EU, especially on the Germany-Romania corridor, handling 19.8% of export value. Still, rate pressures persist as fragmented haulage fleets undercut each other. Digital booking platforms step in by pooling spare capacity and automating customs forms, cutting overhead and boosting on-time performance. Rail forwarders test asset-light models, cooperating with CFR Marfa and private haulers to bundle container slots with first- and last-mile trucking, widening service palettes for shippers searching for greener solutions.
Geography Analysis
Romania’s role as the eastern gateway of the EU shapes freight corridors that funnel automotive parts north to Germany and grains south to Mediterranean customers. Bucharest-Ilfov continues to house more than one-third of the national warehouse inventory, benefiting from Ring Road expansions and the metro network’s 12.41 km extension. Congestion remains severe, prompting 3PLs to open satellite cross-docks in Ploiesti and Giurgiu to bypass city traffic. Western counties like Timiș and Arad exploit proximity to Hungary and Serbia; near-shoring OEMs cluster here to shorten lead times into Central Europe, raising demand for A-class sheds and bonded yards.
Constanța’s pivot to Black Sea grain exports bolsters the southeast. New rail sidings and dredging projects lift annual throughput capacity and attract container services launching feeder links to Piraeus and Istanbul. Mid-country hubs Brașov and Cluj absorb automotive and electronics investments, spurring 24/7 shuttle routes that deliver components in under four hours to assembly lines.
Northern border crossings with Ukraine and Moldova handle humanitarian and fertilizer flows but suffer from aging bridges and paperwork bottlenecks. Over the forecast horizon, cohesive Schengen accession by land would unlock further transit efficiency, strengthening Romania freight and logistics market competitiveness for pan-European distribution.
Competitive Landscape
The sector remains fragmentated, yet transformative M&A is reshaping the leaderboard. DSV closed its EUR 14.3 billion (USD 15.8 billion) buyout of Schenker in April 2025. At home, Sameday’s June 2025 acquisition of Cargus positions the group as a credible rival to Fan Courier with combined revenue topping RON 1.7 billion (USD 377 million) and nationwide locker density surging to more than 14,000 nodes.
Technology investment differentiates players: Raben Group’s automation saves EUR 6 million (USD 6.6 million) per year, while Dexory’s USD 80 million funding accelerates autonomous inventory robots that feed live slot maps into WMS platforms.
White-space opportunities exist in temperature-controlled storage and cross-border e-commerce lanes. Barriers include GDPR compliance, which recently cost Fan Courier a EUR 2,000 (USD 2,207) penalty, underscoring the operational rigor required in data handling. Carriers with scale secure favorable diesel and tire procurement and deploy Euro VI or LNG trucks that meet evolving green-corridor criteria. Smaller fleets face digital-skills deficits and capital scarcity, encouraging continued roll-ups.
Romania Freight And Logistics Industry Leaders
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DHL Group
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DSV A/S (incl. DB Schenker)
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Kuehne+Nagel
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Raben Group
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Gebruder Weiss
- *Disclaimer: Major Players sorted in no particular order
Recent Industry Developments
- October 2025: DHL Express opened its first carbon-neutral logistics center in Romania, following an investment of over EUR 5 million (USD 5.51 million). The facility has a surface area of 4,130 m², and the maximum sorting capacity is 2,800 items per hour.
- April 2025: DSV signed a EUR 14.3 billion (USD 15.8 billion) agreement to acquire DB Schenker, with closing expected in Q2 2025.
- July 2024: DACHSER completed the takeover of Fercam Italia’s logistics sites, fortifying its European network.
- March 2024: Arcese Group entered into a strategic partnership with Cargo Trans Logistik (CTL) AG, improving the company's network.
Romania Freight And Logistics Market Report Scope
Agriculture, Fishing, and Forestry, Construction, Manufacturing, Oil and Gas, Mining and Quarrying, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Others are covered as segments by End User Industry. Courier, Express, and Parcel (CEP), Freight Forwarding, Freight Transport, Warehousing and Storage are covered as segments by Logistics Function.| Agriculture, Fishing, and Forestry |
| Construction |
| Manufacturing |
| Oil and Gas, Mining and Quarrying |
| Wholesale and Retail Trade |
| Others |
| Courier, Express, and Parcel (CEP) | By Destination Type | Domestic |
| International | ||
| Freight Forwarding | By Mode of Transport | Air |
| Sea and Inland Waterways | ||
| Others | ||
| Freight Transport | By Mode of Transport | Air |
| Pipelines | ||
| Rail | ||
| Road | ||
| Sea and Inland Waterways | ||
| Warehousing and Storage | By Temperature Control | Non-Temperature Controlled |
| Temperature Controlled | ||
| Other Services | ||
| End User Industry | Agriculture, Fishing, and Forestry | ||
| Construction | |||
| Manufacturing | |||
| Oil and Gas, Mining and Quarrying | |||
| Wholesale and Retail Trade | |||
| Others | |||
| Logistics Function | Courier, Express, and Parcel (CEP) | By Destination Type | Domestic |
| International | |||
| Freight Forwarding | By Mode of Transport | Air | |
| Sea and Inland Waterways | |||
| Others | |||
| Freight Transport | By Mode of Transport | Air | |
| Pipelines | |||
| Rail | |||
| Road | |||
| Sea and Inland Waterways | |||
| Warehousing and Storage | By Temperature Control | Non-Temperature Controlled | |
| Temperature Controlled | |||
| Other Services | |||
Market Definition
- Agriculture, Fishing, and Forestry (AFF) - This end user industry segment captures the external (outsourced) logistics expenditure incurred by the AFF industry players. The end user players considered are the establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, harvesting timber, harvesting fish & other animals from their natural habitats and providing related support activities. Herein, Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) play a crucial role in acquisition, storage, handling, transportation, and distribution activities for the optimal & continuous flow of inputs (seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, equipment, and water) from manufacturers or suppliers to the producers and smooth flow of output (produce, agro-goods) to distributors/ consumers. This includes both termperature controlled and non-temperature controlled logistics, as and when required according to the shelf life of goods being transported or stored.
- Construction - This end user industry segment captures the external (outsourced) logistics expenditure incurred by the construction industry players. The end user players considered are the establishments primarily engaged in constructing, repairing and renovating residential & commercial buildings, infrastructure, engineering works, subdividing and developing land. Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) play a crucial role in increasing profitability of construction projects by maintaing the inventory of raw materials & equipment, time-critical supplies and by providing other value added services for effective project management.
- Courier, Express, and Parcel - The Courier, Express, and Parcel services, often called as CEP Market, refers to the logistics and postal service providers which specialize in moving small goods (parcels/packages). It captures the overall market size (USD) and market volume (number of parcels) of (1) the shipments/parcels/packages which are under 70kgs/ 154lbs weight, (2) Business Customer packages viz. Business-to-Business (B2B) & Business-to-Consumer (B2C) as well as private customer packages (C2C), (3) non-express parcel delivery services (Standard and Deferred) as well as express parcel delivery services (Day-Definite-Express and Time-Definite-Express), (4) domestic as well as international parcels.
- Demographics - To analyse total addressable market demand, population growth & forecasts have been studied and presented in this industry trend. It represents population distribution across categories like gender (male/female), development area (urban/rural), major cities among other key parameters like population density and final consumption expenditure (growth and share % of GDP). This data has been used for assessing the fluctations in demand & consumption expenditure, and the major hotspots (cities) of potential demand.
- Export Trends and Import Trends - Overall logistics performance of an economy is positively and significantly (statistically) correlated to its trade performance (exports and imports). Hence, in this industry trend, total value of trade, major commodities/ commodity groups and the major trade partners, for the studied geography (country or region as per the scope of report) have been analysed alongside the impact of major trade/logistics infrastructure investments & regulatory environment.
- Freight Forwarding - Freight forwarding which herein refers to the freight transportation arrangement (FTA) industry includes establishments primarily engaged in arranging & tracking transportation of freight between shippers and carriers. Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) considered are freight forwarders, NVOCCs, custom brokers and marine shipping agents. Others segment under Freight Forwarding captures the revenue earned through value added services of FTA like custom brokerage/clearance activities, preparation of freight related documentation, consolidation-deconsolidation of goods, cargo insurance & compliance, arrangement of warehousing & storage, liasing with shippers, and freight forwarding through other modes of transport viz. road and rail.
- Freight Pricing Trends - Freight pricing by mode of transport (USD/tonkm), over the review period, has been presented in this industry trend. The data has been used in assessing the inflationary environment, impact on trade, freight turnover (tonkm), freight and logistics market demand by mode of transport segments and hence the overall freight and logistics market size.
- Freight Tonnage Trends - Freight tonnage (weight of goods in tons) handled by mode of transport, over the review period, has been presented in this industry trend. The data has been used as one of the parameters apart from average distance per shipment (km), freight volume (tonkm), and freight pricing (USD/tonkm) to assess the freight transport market size.
- Freight Transport - Freight Transport refers to the hiring of a logistics service provider (outsourced logistics) for the transport of commodities (raw materials/final/intermediate/finished goods including both solids and fluids) from the origin to a destination within the country (domestic) or cross-border (international).
- Freight and Logistics - External expenditure on (or outsourced) facilitation of freight transport (freight transportation), arrangement of freight transport through an agent (freight forwarding), warehousing and storage (temperature controlled or non-temperature controlled), CEP (domestic or international courier, express and parcel) and other value-added logistics services involved in the transportation of commodities (raw materials or finished goods including both solids and fluids) from the origin to a destination within the country (domestic) or cross-border (international), through one or more modes of transportation viz. road, rail, sea, air and pipelines constitute freight and logistics market.
- Fuel Price - Fuel price spikes can cause delays and diruption for logistics service providers (LSPs), while drops in the same can result in higher short-term profitability and increased market rivalry to offer consumers with the best deals. Hence, the fuel price variations have been studied over the review period and presented along with the causes as well as market impacts.
- GDP Distribution by Economic Activity - Nominal Gross Domestic Product and distribution of the same, across major economic sectors in the geography studied (country or region as per scope of the report) have been studied and presented in this industry trend. As GDP is positively related to the profitability and growth of logistics industry, this data has been used in adjunction to the input-output tables/ supply-use tables for analyzing the potential major contributing sectors towards the logistics demand.
- GDP Growth by Economic Activity - Growth of Nominal Gross Domestic Product across major economic sectors, for the geography studied (country or region as per scope of the report) have been presented in this industry trend. This data has been utilized for assessing the growth of logistics demand from all the market end users (economic sectors considered here).
- Inflation - Variations in both Wholesale Price Inflation (YoY change in producer price index) and Consumer Price Inflation have been presented in this industry trend. This data has been used to assess the inflationary environment as it plays a vital role in smooth functioning of the supply chain, directly impacting the logistics operational cost components e.g., pricing of tyres, driver wages & benefits, energy/fuel prices, maintenace costs, toll charges, warehousing rents, custom brokerage, forwarding rates, courier rates etc. hence impacting the overall freight and logistics market.
- Infrastructure - As infrastructure plays a vital role in an economy's logistics performance, variables like length of roads, distribution of road length by surface category (paved v/s unpaved), distribution of road length by road classification (expressways v/s highways v/s other roads), rail length, volume of containers handled by major ports and tonnage handled by major airports have been analysed and presented in this industry trend.
- Key Industry Trends - The report section named "Key Industry Trends" include all the key variables/parameters studied to better analyze the market size estimates and forecasts. All the trends have been presented in the form of data points (time series or latest available data points) along with analysis of the paramter in the form of concise market relevant commentary, for the geography studied (country or region as per the scope of report).
- Key Strategic Moves - The action taken by a company to differentiate from its competitor or used as a general strategy is referred to as a key strategic move (KSM). This includes (1) Agreements (2) Expansions (3) Financial Restructuring (4) Mergers and Acquisitions (5) Partnerships, and (6) Product Innovations. Key players (Logistics Service Providers, LSPs) in the market have been shortlisted, their KSM have been studied and presented in this section.
- Liner Shipping Bilateral Connectivity Index - It indicates a country pair's integration level into global liner shipping networks and plays a crucial role in determining bilateral trade, which in turn potentially contributes toward the prosperity of a country and its surrounding region. Hence the major economies connected to the country/ region as per scope of the report, have been analyzed and presented in "Liner Shipping Connectivity" industry trend.
- Liner Shipping Connectivity - This industry trend analyses the state of connectivity to the global shipping networks based on the status of maritime transport sector. It includes the analysis of liner shipping connectivity, bilateral shipping connectivity, and port liner shipping connectivity indices for the geography (country/ region as per scope of the report) over the review period.
- Liner Shipping Connectivity Index - It indicates how well countries are connected to global shipping networks based on the status of their maritime transport sector. It is based on five components of the maritime transport sector: (1) The number of shipping lines servicing a country, (2) The size of the largest vessel used on these services (in TEUs), (3) The number of services connecting a country to the other countries, (4) The total number of vessels deployed in a country, (5) The total capacity of those vessels (in TEUs).
- Logistics Performance - Logistics Performance and Logistics Costs are the backbone of trade, and influences trade costs, making countries compete globally. Logistics performance is influenced by market wide adopted supply chain management strategies, government services, investments & policies, fuel/ energy costs, inflationary environment etc. Hence, in this industry trend, the logistics performance of the geography studied (country/ region as per the scope of report) has been analysed and presented over the review period.
- Major Truck Suppliers - Market share of truck brands is influenced by factors like geographical preferences, portfolio of truck types, truck prices, local production, truck repair & maintenance service peneteration, customer support, technological innovations (like electric vehicles, digitalization, autonomous trucks), fuel efficiency, financing options, annual maintenance costs, availability of substitutes, marketing startegies etc. Hence, the distribution (share % for base year of the study) of truck sales volume for leading truck brands and commentary on current market scenario & market anticipation over the forecast period have been presented in this industry trend.
- Manufacturing - This end user industry segment captures the external (outsourced) logistics expenditure incurred by the Manufacturing industry players. The end user players considered are the establishments primarily engaged in the chemical, mechanical or physical transformation of materials or substances into new products. Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) play a crucial role in maintaining a smooth flow of raw materials across the supply chain, enabling timely delivery of finished goods to distributors or end customers and storing & supplying the raw materials to clients for just-in-time manufacturing.
- Maritime Fleet Load Carrying Capacity - Maritime fleet load carrying capacity depicts the development state of an economy's maritime infrastructure & trade. It is influenced by factors like volume of production, international trade, major end user industries, maritime connectivity, environmental regulations, investments in port infrastructure development, port container cargo handling capacity etc. This industry trend represents the maritime fleet load carrying capacity by type of ship viz. container ships, oil tankers, bulk carriers, general cargo, among other types alongwith the influencing factors for the geography studied (country/ region as per scope of the report), over the review period.
- Modal Share - Freight Modal Share is influenced by factors like modal productivity, government regulations, containerization, distance of shipment, temperature control requirements, type of goods, international trade, terrain, speed of delivery, shipment weight, bulk shipments, etc. Also, modal share by tonnage (tons) and modal share by freight turnover (ton-km) differ as per average distance of shipments, weight of major commodity groups transported in the economy and number of trips. This industry trend represents the distribution of freight transported by mode of transport (tons as well as ton-km), for the study base year.
- Oil and Gas, Mining and Quarrying - This end user industry segment captures the external (outsourced) logistics expenditure incurred by the extraction industry players. The end user players considered are the establishments that extract naturally occurring mineral solids, such as coal and ores; liquid minerals, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) covers entire phases from upstream to downstream and plays a crucial role in the transportation of machinery, drilling equipments, extracted minerals, crude oil & natural gas and refined/ processed products from one place to another.
- Other End Users - Other end user segment captures the external (outsourced) logistics expenditure incurred by the financial services (BFSI), real estate, educational services, healthcare, and professional services (administrative, waste management, legal, architectural, engineering, design, consulting, scientific R&D). Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) plays a crucial role in the reliable movement of supplies and documents to/from these industries such as transporting any equipment or resources required, shipping confidential documents and files, movement of medical goods & supplies (surgical supplies and instruments, including gloves, masks, syringes, equipment) to name a few.
- Other Services - Other Services segment captures revenue earned through (1) Value added services (VAS) for freight transportation by road, rail, air and sea & inland waterways, (2) VAS for marine cargo transportation (operation of terminal facilities such as harbours and piers, operation of waterway locks, navigation, pilotage and berthing activities, lighterage, salvage activities, lighthouse activities, among other miscellaneous support activities), (3) VAS for land freight transportation (operation of terminal facilities such as railway stations, stations for the handling of goods, operation of railroad infrastructure, switching and shunting, towing and road side assistance, liquefaction of gas for transportation purposes, among other miscellaneous support activities), (4) VAS for air cargo transportation (operation of terminal facilities such as airway terminals, airport and air-traffic-control activities, ground service activities on airfields, runway maintenance, inspection/ ferrying/ maintenance/ testing of aircrafts, aircraft fuelling services, among other miscellaneous support activities), (5) VAS for warehousing and storage service (operation of grain silos, general merchandise warehouses, refrigerated warehouses, storage tanks etc., storage of goods in foreign trade zones, blast freezing, crating goods for shipping, packing and preparing goods for shipping, labelling and/or imprinting the package, kit assembling and packaging services, among other miscellaneous support activities), and (6) VAS for courier, express and parcel service (pickup, sorting).
- Port Calls and Performance - The performance of ports is key to an economy's freight movement, trade, global connectivity, successful growth strategies, investment attractiveness for production & distribution systems, and thus affects GDP, employment, per capita income and industrial growth. Hence, the port perfomance parameters like median time spent by vessels in the ports; average age, size, cargo carrying capacity, container carrying capacity, of vessels entering the ports, port calls, and container port throughput have been analysed and presented in this industry trend.
- Port Liner Shipping Connectivity Index - It reflects a port's position in the global liner shipping network, wherein a higher value of index is associated with better connectivity. Efficient and well-connected ports (1) contribute towards minimizing transport costs, linking supply chains and supporting international trade, (2) pave the way for economies of scale and development of expertise by permitting producers to better exploit possibilities in domestic as well as foreign markets. Hence the major ports of strategic importance, in the country/ region as per scope of the report, have been analyzed and presented in "Liner Shipping Connectivity" industry trend.
- Port Throughput - It reflects the amount of cargo or number of vessels a port handles annually. It can be related to (1) cargo tonnage, (2) container TEU, and (3) vessel calls. Port throughput in terms of total containers handled (TEU's), has been presented in the "Port Calls and Performance" industry trend.
- Producer Price Inflation - It indicates inflation from viewpoint of the producers viz. the average selling price received for their output over a period of time. Annual change (YoY) of producer price index is reported as wholesale price inflation in the "Inflation" industry trend. As WPI captures dynamic price movements in most comprehensive way, it is widely used by governments, banks, industry, business circles and is deemed important in formulation of trade, fiscal and other economic policies. The data has been used in adjunction to consumer price inflation for better understanding the inflationary environment.
- Segmental Revenue - Segmental Revenue has been triangulated or computed and presented for all the major players in the market. It refers to the freight and logistics market specific revenue earned by the company, over the base year of study, in the geography studied (country or region as per the scope of report). It is computed through the study and analysis of major parameters like financials, service portfolio, employee strength, fleet size, investments, number of countries present in, major economies of concern, etc. that have been reported by the company in its annual reports, webpage. For companies having scarce financial disclosures, paid databases like D&B Hoovers, Dow Jones Factiva have been resorted to and verified through industry/expert interactions.
- Transport and Storage Sector GDP - Value and growth of Transport and Storage Sector GDP has a direct relation to the freight and logistics market size. Hence, this variable has been studied and presented over the review period, in value terms (USD) and as share % of total GDP, in this industry trend. The data has been supported by concise and relevant commentary around the investments, developments, and current market scenario.
- Trends in E-Commerce Industry - Enhanced internet connectivity and boom in smartphone penetration, coupled with increasing disposable incomes, has led to a phenomenal growth in the e-commerce market globally. Online shoppers require fast and efficient delivery of their orders leading to an increase in the demand for logistics services especially e-commerce fulfilment services. Hence, the Gross Merchandise Value (GMV), historial and projected growth, breakup of major commodity groups in e-commerce industry for the studied geography (country or region as per scope of the report) have been analysed and presented in this industry trend.
- Trends in Manufacturing Industry - Manufacturing industry involves the transformation of raw materials into finished products, while logistics industry ensures the efficient flow of raw materials to the factory, and the transport of manufactured products to the distributors & consumers. Demand-Supply of both industries are highly cross-linked and critical for a seamless supply chain. Hence, the Gross Value Added (GVA), breakup of GVA into major manufacturing sectors, and growth of manufacturing industry over the review period have been analysed and presented, in this industry trend.
- Trucking Fleet Size By Type - Market share of truck types is influenced by factors like geographical preferences, major end user industries, truck prices, local production, truck repair & maintenance service peneteration, customer support, technological disruptions (like electric vehicles, digitalization, autonomous trucks) etc. Hence, the distribution (share % for base year of study) of truck parc volume by type of truck, market disruptors, truck manufacturing investments, truck specifications, truck use & import regulations, and market anticipation over the forecast period have been presented in this industry trend.
- Trucking Operational Costs - The prime reasons for measuring/ benchmarking logistics performance of any trucking company are to reduce operational costs and increase profitability. On the other hand, measuring operational costs helps to identify whether and where to make operational changes to control expenses and identify areas for improved performance. Hence, in this industry trend, trucking operational costs and the variables involved viz. driver wages & benefits, fuel prices, repairs & maintenance costs, tyre costs etc. have been studied over the base year of study, and presented for the geography studied (country or region as per the scope of report).
- Warehousing and Storage - Warehousing and storage segment captures revenue earned through the operation of general merchandise, refrigerated and other types of warehousing & storage facilities. These establishments take responsibility for storing the goods and keeping them secure in lieu of charges. Value added services (VAS) they may provide are considered to be a part of the "other services" segment. Here VAS refer to a range of services, related to the distribution of a customer's goods and can include labelling, breaking bulk, inventory control & management, light assembly, order entry & fulfillment, packaging, pick & pack, price marking & ticketing and transportation arrangement.
- Wholesale and Retail Trade - This end user industry segment captures the external (outsourced) logistics expenditure incurred by the wholesalers and retailers. The end user players considered are the establishments primarily engaged in wholesaling or retailing merchandise, generally without transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) plays a crucial role in the reliable movement of supplies to and finished products from production houses to the distributors and finally to the end customer covering activites like material sourcing, transportation, order fulfillment, warehousing & storage, demand forecasting, inventory management etc.
| Keyword | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axle Load | The axle load of a wheeled vehicle is the total weight bearing on the roadway for all wheels connected to a given axle. |
| Back Haul | Backhaul is the return movement of a transport vehicle from its original destination to its original point of departure. |
| Bill of Lading | A bill of lading is a legal document issued by a carrier to a shipper that details the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried. |
| Bunkering | Bunkering is the process of supplying fuel and/or gasoil to be used to power the propulsion system of a ship (such fuel is referred to as bunker). It includes the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks. A person dealing in trade of bunker (fuel) is called a bunker trader. |
| Bunkering Service | Bunkering service is the supply of a requested quality and quantity of bunkers to a ship. |
| C-commerce | C-commerce (Collaborative commerce) describes electronically enabled business interactions among an enterprise’s internal personnel, business partners and customers throughout a trading community. The trading community could be an industry, industry segment, supply chain or supply chain segment. |
| Cabotage | Transport by a vehicle registered in a country performed on the national territory of another country. |
| Cartage Agent | A ground transportation service that provides pickup and delivery of freight in locations not served directly by an air or ocean carrier. |
| Contract logistics | Contract logistics refers to the outsourcing of resource management tasks by one company to a third-party company specializing in logistical matters, such as transportation, warehousing, and order fulfillment. |
| Courier | A business that is used to send messages, packages, etc. Courier service refers to the fast or quick, door to door pickup and delivery service for goods or documents. It can be local or international. A company that provides such delivery services is called a courier company. A courier company hires people to provide their services. Such a person hired by the courier service company is called a courier. |
| Cross docking | Cross docking is a practice in logistics management that includes unloading incoming delivery vehicles and loading the materials directly into outbound delivery vehicles, omitting traditional warehouse logistical practices and saving time and money. |
| Cross Trade | International transport between two different countries performed by a vehicle registered in a third country. A third country is a country other than the country of loading/embarkation and than the country of unloading/disembarkation. |
| Customs Clearance | The procedures involved in getting cargo released by Customs through designated formalities such as presenting import license/permit, payment of import duties and other required documentations by the nature of the cargo such as FCC or FDA approval. |
| Customs seal | Customs seal means a seal, stamp or any other preventive means affixed by customs officials to ensure the inviolability of goods, commercial means of transport or warehouses. |
| Dangerous Goods | Dangerous goods (or hazardous materials or HAZMAT) include flammable liquids/solids, gases, compressed, liquified, dissolved under pressure, corrosives, oxidising substances, explosive substances and articles, substances, which on contact with water, emit flammable gasses, organic peroxides, toxic substances, infectious substances, radioactive materials, miscellaneous dangerous goods and articles. |
| Direct Shipment | Direct shipment is a method of delivering goods from the supplier or the product owner to the customer directly. In most cases, the customer orders the goods from the product owner. This delivery scheme reduces transportation and storage costs, but requires additional planning and administration. |
| Drayage | A drayage is a form of trucking service that connects the different modes of shipping (intermodal), such as ocean freight or air freight. It’s a short-haul trip that transports goods from one place to another, usually before or after its long-haul shipping process. Drayage trucks move cargo to and from various destinations, such as container ships, storage lots, order fulfillment warehouses, and rail yards. Typically, drayage only transports goods in short distances and operates only in one metropolitan area. It also requires only one trucker in a single shift. |
| Dry Docking | Dry docking is a term used for repairs or when a ship is taken to the service yard. During dry docking, the whole ship is brought to a dry land so that the submerged portions of the hull can be cleaned or inspected. |
| Dry van | A dry van is a type of semi-trailer that's fully enclosed to protect shipments from outside elements. Designed to carry palletized, boxed or loose freight, dry vans aren't temperature-controlled (unlike refrigerated “reefer” units) and can't carry oversized shipments (unlike flatbed trailers). |
| Feedering | Transport service whereby loaded or empty containers in a regional are transferred to a “mother ship” for a long-haul ocean voyage. |
| Final Demand | Final demand includes all types of commodities (goods as well as services) consumed as final use and might include personal consumption, or consumption by government, by businesses as capital investment, and as exports. includes all types of commodities (goods as well as services) consumed as final use and might include personal consumption, or consumption by government, by businesses as capital investment, and as exports. |
| First mile Delivery | First mile delivery refers to the first stage of the transportation. This is when the parcel leaves the seller’s warehouse and is taken by the courier pick up agent to process it or take it to the warehouse. Once the package reaches the post office or the courier’s hub, it is then sorted and transported further until it reaches the customer’s doorstep. |
| Fiscal storage services | It means a facility, clearly separated from other premises, where the excise goods are produced, processed, held, received or dispatched under a duty suspension arrangement by an authorized depositor, in the course of his business, under conditions laid down by the customs authorities. |
| Flat Bed | It has a back body that is flatly shaped for easy loading and unloading of goods. The flatbed truck is mostly used to transport heavy, oversized, wide and indelicate goods. |
| Flatbed Truck | A flatbed truck is a type of truck with rigid design. It has a back body that is flatly shaped for easy loading and unloading of goods. The flatbed truck is mostly used to transport heavy, oversized, wide and indelicate goods such as machinery, building supplies or equipment. Due to the truck open body, the goods transported with it must not be vulnerable to rain. By functionality, the flatbed truck is comparable to a flatbed trailer. |
| Freight Transit Time | Transit time is how long it takes for a shipment to be delivered to its final destination after being picked up from a designated pick up point. |
| Halal Logistics | It refers to the process of managing the logistics operations such as fleet management, storage/warehousing, and materials handling according to the principles of Shariah law in ensuring the integrity of the halal products at the point of consumption. |
| Haulage | The commercial transport of goods. |
| Inbound Logistics | Inbound logistics is the way materials and other goods are brought into a company. This process includes the steps to order, receive, store, transport and manage incoming supplies. Inbound logistics focuses on the supply part of the supply-demand equation. |
| Intermediate Demand | Intermediate demand includes goods, services, and maintenance and repair construction sold to businesses, excluding capital investment. |
| International Loaded | Place of loading of goods in reporting country (i.e., country in which the vehicle performing the transport is registered) and place of unloading in a different country. |
| International Unloaded | Place of unloading of goods in reporting country (i.e., country in which the vehicle performing the transport is registered) and place of loading in a different country. |
| Last Mile Delivery | Last mile delivery refers to the very last step of the delivery process when a parcel is moved from a transportation hub to its final destination—which, usually, is a personal residence or retail store. |
| Less than-Truck-Load (LTL) | Less-than-truckload, also known as less-than-load (LTL), is a shipping service for relatively small loads or quantities of freight. An LTL provider combines the loads and shipping requirements of several different companies on their trucks, using a hub-and-spoke system to get goods to their destinations. |
| Locomotives Haluage | The transport of coal, ore, workers, and materials underground by means of locomotive-hauled mine cars. The locomotive may be powered by battery, diesel, compressed air, trolley, or some combination such as battery-trolley or trolley-cable reel. |
| Milkrun | A Milk Run is a delivery method used to transport mixed loads from various suppliers to one customer. Instead of each supplier sending a truck every week to meet the needs of one customer, one truck (or vehicle) visits the suppliers to pick up the loads for that customer. This method of transport got its name from the dairy industry practice, where one tanker used to collect milk from several dairy farms for delivery to a milk processing company. |
| Multi country consolidation | Multi-Country Consolidation (MCC) is a cost-effective solution that consolidates ones cargo from different countries of origin to build Full Container Loads (FCL). MCC is most suitable for companies that import light volumes of goods from multiple countries but want to take advantage of the more economic FCL freight rates. |
| Multi-Modal Logistics | Multimodal transportation or multimodal shipping refers to logistics and freight processes that require multiple modes of transportation. |
| Omni Channel Logistics | Omnichannel distribution is a multichannel approach taken by companies to give customers a way to purchase and receive orders from several sales channels with one-touch seamless integration. Some of the ways include- 1. Buy online, then pick-up at the brick and mortar store; 2. Buy online, then have it delivered to the home or another location; 3.In store purchase, with the delivery either to the home or another location; 4. Drop ship from a warehouse or manufacturing center to store, home or other location; 5.Buy online, then return at store or online; 6. Buy online, then return online. |
| OOG cargo | Out of Gauge (OOG) cargo is any cargo that can not be loaded into six-sided shipping containers simply because it is too large. The term is a very loose classification of all cargo with dimensions beyond the maximum 40HC container dimensions. That is a length beyond 12.05 meters – a width beyond 2.33 meters – or a height beyond 2.59 meters. |
| Other ships | Other ships include: Liquefied petroleum gas carriers, liquefied natural gas carriers, parcel (chemical) tankers, specialized tankers, reefers, offshore supply vessels, tugboats, dredgers, cruise, ferries, other non-cargo ships |
| Other Specialised Cargo | Other specialised goods include pre-slung goods (Goods, one or more items, supplied with a sling or slings), mobile units (Mobile Self Propelled Units, Non Self Propelled Units, unrolled vehicles), oversized equipment load (light and heavy machinery that is often too big or too heavy), high value freight that needs extra protection like electronics, financial services road freight. |
| Outsourced Freight Transport | Transport for hire or reward; The carriage for remuneration of goods. |
| Pallets | Raised platform, intended to facilitate the lifting and stacking of goods. |
| Part load | A part load describes goods which only fills a truck partially. In essence, the quantity of the shipment is bigger than the Less Than Truckload (LTL) shipment. Also, the shipment cannot fully occupy a truck i.e. its capacity is much lower than a Full Truckload (FTL) shipment. |
| Paved Road | Road surfaced with crushed stone (macadam) with hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, with concrete or with cobblestone. |
| Q-commerce | Q-commerce, also referred to as quick commerce, is a type of e-commerce where emphasis is on quick deliveries, typically in less than an hour. |
| Quay | A stone or metal platform lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and unloading ships. |
| Recommerce | Recommerce is the selling of previously owned items through online marketplaces to buyers who reuse, recycle or resell them. |
| ReverseLogistics | Reverse logistics is a type of supply chain management that moves goods from customers back to the sellers or manufacturers. |
| Road Freight Transport Service | Hiring a trucking agency for transport of commodities (raw materials or manufactured goods including both solids and liquids) form the origin to a destination within the country (domestic) or cross-border (international) constitutes road freight transport market. The service might be Full-Truck-Load or Less than-Truck-Load, containerized or non-containerized, temperature controlled or non temperature controlled, short haul or long haul. |
| Roll-on/roll-off cargo | Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter. |
| Swap bodies | A swap body, swop body, exchangeable container or interchangeable unit, is one of the types of standard freight containers for road and rail transport. |
| Tank Barge | A non-self-propelled vessel constructed or adapted primarily to carry liquid, solid or gaseous commodities or cargos in bulk in cargo spaces (or tanks) through rivers and inland waterways, and may occasionally carry commodities or cargos through oceans and seas when in transit from one inland waterway to another. The commodities or cargos transported are in direct contact with the tank interior. |
| Tautliner vehicle | Tautliner and curtainsider are used as generic names for curtain sided trucks/trailers. The curtains are permanently fixed to a runner at the top and detachable rails/poles at front and rear, allowing the curtains to be drawn open and forklifts used all along the sides for easy and efficient loading and unloading. When closed for travel, vertical load restraint straps are attached to a rope rail beneath the truck bed, connecting the truck bed and curtain along both sides. Winches at either end of the curtain tension it, hence the 'Tautliner' name. This stops the curtain from flapping or drumming in the wind and can also help retain light loads from slipping sideways. |
| Transloading | Transloading is a shipping term that refers to the transfer of goods from one mode of transportation to another en route to their ultimate destination. |
| Tsubo | A Japanese unit of area equal to 35.58 square feet. |
| Unpaved Road | Road with a stabilized base not surfaced with crushed stone, hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, concrete or cobblestone. |
| Vessel Husbandry Services | It includes ship maintenance, repairs, cleaning, upkeep of the hull and rigging and equipment. |
Research Methodology
Mordor Intelligence follows a four-step methodology in all our reports.
- Step-1: Identify Key Variables: In order to build a robust forecasting methodology, the variables and factors identified in Step-1 are tested against available historical market numbers. Through an iterative process, the variables required for market forecast are set and the model is built on the basis of these variables.
- Step-2: Build a Market Model: Market-size estimations for the forecast years are in nominal terms. Inflation is not a part of the pricing, and the average selling price (ASP) is kept constant throughout the forecast period for each country.
- Step-3: Validate and Finalize: In this important step, all market numbers, variables and analyst calls are validated through an extensive network of primary research experts from the market studied. The respondents are selected across levels and functions to generate a holistic picture of the market studied.
- Step-4: Research Outputs: Syndicated Reports, Custom Consulting Assignments, Databases & Subscription Platforms
